Vidya (विद्या) and It's Meaning {Indian Philosophy}

Vidyā or Vidhya means "correct knowledge" or "clarity" in several South Asian languages such as Sanskrit, Pali & Sinhala. 

• Vidyā is also a popular Indian unisex given name. The Indonesian transliteration of the name is Widya.
• In Hinduism, it is frequently used as an honorific implying the Puranic conception of knowledge and learning.           
• The opposite of vidyā is avidyā (ignorance or misinformation). 
• Vidya is an epithet of the Hindu goddess Sarasvati, consort of Brahma (according to Hindubeliefs). She has superior spiritual feminine energy—the Param Prakriti—which purifies, empowers, and uplifts the individual. Hence, she is called the Goddess of Knowledge.
• Vidya means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi.

Śaivism (Śaiva philosophy)

1. Vidyā (विद्या):—Second of the five factors of limitation (kañcuka) that occur in the second stage during the unity of Śiva and Śakti (subject and object). Their unity is initiated upon the cosmic process of creation.
2. Vidyā (विद्या):—Third of the eight Mātṛs born from the body of Mahimā, according to the Kubjikāmata-tantra. 
• These eight sub-manifestations (mātṛ) are associated with the (element) earth. The first five from (including Vidyā) represent the five kalās. 
• All these eight mātṛs are characterized as carrying a diamond in their hand. They are presided over by the Bhairava Jhaṇṭa and his consort named Aindryā. Mahimā is the seventh of the Eight Mahāmātṛs, residing within the Mātṛcakra (third of the five cakras) and represents the earth.
3. Vidya: Normally Siva is Omniscient (Sarvajnatva). Maya has put a crimp on this all-knowing facility and rendered the individual soul with limited knowledge.

Śāktism (Śākta philosophy)

• Vidyā (विद्या, “Knowledge”):—One of the female offspring from Mahākālī (tamas-form of Mahādevī). 
• Mahākālī is one of the three primary forms of Devī, 
• Mahālakṣmī and 
• Mahāsarasvatī. 
• Not to be confused with Kālī, she is a more powerful cosmic aspect (vyaṣṭi) of Devi and represents the guṇa (universal energy) named tamas. 
• Devī Māhātmya, a Sanskrit work from the 5th century, incorporated into the Mārkaṇḍeya-Purāṇa.
• Vidyā (विद्या, “knowledge”):—One of the names attributed to Devī, as chanted by the Vedas in their hymns, who were at the time incarnated in their personified forms. See the Devī-bhāgavata-purāṇa chapter 5.51-68, called “the narrative of Hayagrīva”.

Harmaśāstra (religious law)

1. The term ‘knowledge,’ ‘vidyā,’ stands for that by means of which all things are known; i.e., the reading of the text as well as the grasping of the meaning. The meaning is that he who does not bring any benefit should not be taught the text of the Veda, nor should the explanation of tho meaning of Vedic texts be expounded to him. (Manubhāṣya, II.112) Purāṇa
1. Vidyā (विद्या).—Leads to happiness: 
2. It is A śakti.
3. It includes 14 Mimāṃsa, 
4. Nyāya, Purāṇa, Dharmaśāstra,—18 in number
5. also includes Āyurveda. Dhanurveda, Gāndharva, and Arthaśāstra - 1
6. 4 - Anvīkṣikī. Trayī, Vārta and Daṇḍanīti;
7. 2 another division—Parā and Aparā.3

Dhanurveda (science of warfare)

• Vidyā (विद्या) refers to a weapon (knowledge, science, learning, scholarship). 

• Dhanurveda-saṃhitā, which contains a list of no less than 117 weapons. The Dhanurveda-saṃhitā is said to have been composed by the sage Vasiṣṭha, who in turn transmitted it trough a tradition of sages, which can eventually be traced to Śiva and Brahmā.