Compare the system and structure of CBSE Board and SSC Board.

Compare the system and structure of CBSE Board and SSC Board.

The system and structure of CBSE and SSC Boards are enlisted below.

CBSE BOARD

Logo:
Founded	03 November 1962
Chairperson	Anita Karwal, IAS
Parent organisation	Ministry of Human Resource Development
Headquarter	New Delhi
Regional Offices	Chennai, Guwahati, Ajmer, Panchkula, Allahabad, Patna, Bhubaneswar, Thiruvananthapuram, Dehradun
Official language	Hindi; English

1.      Introduction:

a.      The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by Union Government of India.

b.      CBSE affiliated schools follow NCERT curriculum only.

c.       There are approximately 20,299 schools in India and 220 schools in 28 foreign countries affiliated to the CBSE.

2.      Organisational Setup:

a.      The Board functions under the overall supervision of the Controlling Authority which is vested with the Secretary (School Education & Literacy), Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

b.      The Board has various statutory committees which are advisory in nature.

c.       The Governing Body of the Board is constituted as per its rules and regulations.

3.      Structure of the board: 

a.      The Chairperson is the Chief Executive of the Board and is assisted by fourteen Heads of Departments i.e.

                                                              i.      Secretary,

                                                             ii.      Controller of Examinations,

                                                           iii.      Director (Academics),

                                                           iv.      Director (Training),

                                                             v.      Director (IT),

                                                           vi.      Director (Misc. Examinations),

                                                         vii.      Director (Edusat, Research & Development),

                                                       viii.      Director (Skill Education),

                                                           ix.      four Regional Directors,

                                                             x.      Director (Registered Office, Ajmer) and

                                                           xi.      Director (Professional Examinations).

b.      The Secretary (School Education and Literacy), Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India is the

                                                              i.      Controlling Authority of the Board

                                                             ii.      appoints the Chairman and other Heads of Departments.

c.       The Secretary, CBSE is the Chief Administrative Officer and responsible for the matters relating to

                                                              i.      Administration,

                                                             ii.      Audit and Accounts,

                                                           iii.      Public Relations,

                                                           iv.      Legal and

                                                             v.      grant of affiliation to schools.

d.      The Controller of Examinations is responsible for all matters concerning

                                                              i.      examinations

                                                             ii.      administration of examinations,

                                                           iii.      the major areas being pre and post examination work,

                                                           iv.      co-ordination with Regional Offices for conducting annual and compartmental Secondary and Senior School Certificate Examinations.

e.      The Director (IT) is responsible for all matters concerning

                                                              i.      pre and post examination activities of all regions,

                                                             ii.      CTET,

                                                           iii.      Publication Management System,

                                                           iv.      Scholarship,

                                                             v.      Recruitment,

                                                           vi.      Website all new IT ventures and projects.

f.        The Director (Academics) is responsible for

                                                              i.      developing the curriculum for all the subjects at the Secondary and Senior Secondary levels,

                                                             ii.      development of new courses content and innovations in the field of education, to publish textbooks for Secondary and Senior Secondary classes

                                                           iii.      monitoring the academic projects.

g.      Director (Training) organizes

                                                              i.      teacher’s training workshops,

                                                             ii.      assessing training needs capacity building programs.

h.      The Director (Skill Education) is responsible for all matters concerning designing of curriculum for Skill Education subjects.

i.        Director (Professional Examinations) is responsible for all matters concerning

                                                              i.      conduct of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Selection Test (JNVST) and

                                                             ii.      Kendriya Vidyalaya Selection Test.

j.        The Director (Misc. Examinations) is responsible for conducting (CTET).

k.       The Director (Edusat, Research & Development) is responsible for all matters concerning Distance Education through Education Satellite launched by Indian Space Research Organisation (I.S.R.O.)

l.        The Director (Registered Office Ajmer) is responsible for the activities of Registered Office, Ajmer like issue of duplicate documents, verification, correction in Board’s documents etc.

m.    The Regional Directors are responsible for all matters concerning

                                                              i.      conduct of Secondary and Senior Secondary certificate

                                                             ii.      main and compartment examinations and

                                                           iii.      administration of examinations,

                                                           iv.      the major areas being pre and post examination work,

                                                             v.      declaration of its results and other related activities.

4.      Committees:

a.      Affiliation: -

                                                              i.      Granting affiliation to institutions;

                                                             ii.      laying down qualifications for teachers;

                                                           iii.      constituting inspection panels;

                                                           iv.      suggestions, additions or alternatives in Affiliation By-laws

b.      Curriculum: -

                                                              i.      Coordination of the recommendations of the Subject committees;

                                                             ii.      Revision and updating of Curriculum documents,

                                                           iii.      Policies relating to Academics,

                                                           iv.      Training and Innovation.

                                                             v.      Introduction of new subjects as Elective, preparation of textbooks and supplementary material as required.

c.       Examination: -

                                                              i.      Appointment of paper setters and moderators;

                                                             ii.      Fixation of maximum/ minimum pass criteria/marks;

                                                           iii.      Duration of examinations;

                                                           iv.      Special permission and exemption cases etc.

d.      Finance: -

                                                              i.      Revision of rates of fees;

                                                             ii.      Payments for work pertaining to examination/ affiliation

5.      History:

a.      A trail of developments mark the significant changes that took place over the years in shaping up the Board to its present status. U P Board of High School and Intermediate Education was the first Board set up in 1921. It has under its jurisdiction Rajputana, Central India and Gwalior.

b.      In response to the representation made by the Government of United Provinces, the then Government of India suggested to set up a joint Board in 1929 for all the areas which was named as the 'Board of High School and Intermediate Education, Rajputana'. This included Ajmer, Merwara, Central India and Gwalior. The Board witnessed rapid growth and expansion at the level of Secondary education resulting in improved quality and standard of education in institutions. But with the advent of State Universities and State Boards in various parts of the country the jurisdiction of the Board was confined only to Ajmer, Bhopal and Vindhya Pradesh later.

c.       As a result of this, in 1952, the constitution of the Board was amended wherein its jurisdiction was extended to part-C and Part-D territories and the Board was given its present name 'Central Board of Secondary Education'.

d.      It was in the year 1962 finally that the Board was reconstituted. The main objectives were to serve the educational institutions more effectively, to be responsive to the educational needs of those students whose parents were employed in the Central Government and had frequently transferable jobs.

6.      Jurisdiction

a.      The jurisdiction of the Board is extensive and stretches beyond the national geographical boundaries. As a result of the reconstitution, the erstwhile 'Delhi Board of Secondary Education' was merged with the Central Board and thus all the educational institutions recognized by the Delhi Board also became a part of the Central Board.

b.      Subsequently, all the schools located in the Union Territory of Chandigarh. Andaman and Nicobar Island, Arunachal Pradesh, the state of Sikkim, and now Jharkhand, Uttaranchal and Chhattisgarh have also got affiliation with the Board.

c.       From 309 schools in 1962, the Board as on 01-05-2019 has 21271 schools in India and 228 schools in 25 foreign countries.

d.      There are 1138 Kendriya Vidyalayas, 3011 Government/Aided Schools, 16741 Independent Schools, 595 Jawahar Novodaya Vidyalayas and 14 Central Tibetan Schools.

7.      Objectives: -

a.      To define appropriate approaches of academic activities to provide stress free, child centered and holistic education to all children without compromising on quality.

b.      To analyze and monitor the quality of academic activities by collecting the feedback from different stakeholders.

c.       To develop norms for implementation of various academic activities including quality issues; to control and coordinate the implementation of various academic and training programmes of the Board; to organize academic activities and to supervise other agencies involved in the process.

d.      To adapt and innovate methods to achieve academic excellence in conformity with psychological, pedagogical and social principles.

e.      To encourage schools to document the progress of students in a teacher and student friendly way.

f.        To propose plans to achieve quality benchmarks in school education consistent with the National goals.

g.      To organize various capacity building and empowerment programmes to update the professional competency of teachers.

h.      To prescribe conditions of examinations and conduct public examination at the end of Class X and XII. To grant qualifying certificates to successful candidates of the affiliated schools.

i.        To fulfill the educational requirements of those students whose parents were employed in transferable jobs.

j.        To prescribe and update the course of instructions of examinations.

k.       To affiliate institutions for the purpose of examination and raise the academic standards of the country.

8.      Regional offices:  Presently CBSE has 10 regional offices:

1.      Delhi: Covering NCT of Delhi and Foreign Schools.

2.      Chennai: Covering Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu and Telangana.

3.      Guwahati: Covering Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura.

4.      Ajmer: Covering Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

5.      Panchkula: Covering Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab.

6.      Allahabad: Covering Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

7.      Patna: Covering Bihar and Jharkhand.

8.      Bhubaneswar: Covering Chhattisgarh, Odisha and West Bengal.

9.      Thiruvananthapuram: Covering Kerala and Lakshadweep.

10.  Dehradun: Covering Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

9.      The prime focus of the Board is on:

a.      Innovations in teaching-learning methodologies by devising students friendly and students centered paradigms.

b.      Reforms in examinations and evaluation practices.

c.       Skill learning by adding job-oriented and job-linked inputs.

d.      Regularly updating the pedagogical skills of the teachers and administrators by conducting in service training programmes, workshops etc.

10.  Grading System: -

a.      For the Class 10 and Class 12 exams, CBSE (along with the marks obtained) includes the positional grade obtained by the student, which is dependent on the average performance of the students in that subject.

b.      Consequently, the cutoffs vary every year.

·   Grade  Criteria

·   A1        Top 1/8 of passed students in that subject

·   A2        Next 1/8 of passed students in that subject

·   B1        Next 1/8 of passed students in that subject

·   B2        Next 1/8 of passed students in that subject

·   C1        Next 1/8 of passed students in that subject

·   C2        Next 1/8 of passed students in that subject

·   D1        Next 1/8 of passed students in that subject

·   D2        Last 1/8 of passed students in that subject

·   E          Failed students (in either theory, practical or overall)

c.       During CCE: During 2010-2017, when CBSE implemented a CCE (Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation) for grade 10 students, only the grades obtained by the student were mentioned in the report card in a 9-point grading scale, which translates as below:

                                                              i.      Former grading scale (CCE)

·         Grade  Criteria

·         A1        >90%

·         A2        81-90%

·         B1        71-80%

·         B2        61-70%

·         C1        51-60%

·         C2        41-50%

·         D          33-40%

·         E1        21-32%

·         E2        0-20%

SSC BOARD

Logo:
Founded	01 January 1966
Chairperson	Sarjerao Jadhav
Parent organisation	State Governmental Board of Education
Headquarter	Pune
Regional Offices	Nagpur, Aurangabad, Mumbai, Amaravati, Latur, Kolhapur, Nashik, Kokan
Official language	Marathi; English

1.      Introduction: 

a.      The Maharashtra State Board of Secondary & Higher Secondary Education, Pune 411004 is an Autonomous Body established under the provisions of the Maharashtra Act No. 41 of 1965.

b.      The Maharashtra State Board of Secondary & Higher Secondary Education, conducts the HSC and SSC Examinations in the state of Maharashtra through its Divisional Boards.

c.       The Board conducts examination twice a year and the number of students appearing for the main examination is around 14 Lacs for HSC and 17 Lac’s SSC, for the supplementary examination around 6 Lacs students are expected HSC and SSC together.

d.      There are about 21000 schools (SSC) and 7000 (HSC) Higher Sec. Schools / Jr. colleges in the entire state.

2.      HISTORY:-

a.      The Board came into existence on 1 January 1966 to regulate certain matters pertaining to secondary education in the state of Maharashtra, as "Maharashtra State Secondary Education Boards".

b.      The act was amended in 1976, and the name of the Board changed to its present name, "Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education".

3.      FUNCTIONS:-

a.     The board is responsible for formation, and implementation of the rules and regulations in accordance to the guidelines set by the state as well as central boards.

b.     It is also in charge, autonomously, of, and implementation of the syllabus/curriculum of all the grades, textbooks, exam schedule, and type.

c.      The board is also responsible for creation of textbooks, scoring of the centralised tests, and conducting examinations fairly and providing unbiased justice in the event of dispute.

d.     The Board conducts examination twice a year and the number of students appearing for the main examination is around 1,400,000 for Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) and 1,700,000 for Secondary School Certificate (SSC) every year.

e.     The exams are usually held in the months of March, and October every year; and results are given out usually in June, and January respectively. March marks the end of educational year, and June marks beginning of the new educational year in the state of Maharashtra.

4.     DIVISIONAL BOARDS: -

a.    There are nine divisional boards with the state to represent the state board. Their duties include, but not limited to:

·         Decide the schools/colleges to conduct the final exams.

·         Appoint the paper setters, translators, custodians (of question papers, and blank and filled up answer papers), conductors (transportation), and examiners (paper checkers).

b.       There are nine divisional boards located at Amravati, Aurangabad, Kolhapur, Konkan, Latur, Mumbai, Nagpur, Nashik, and Pune.

Divisional board	Year of foundation	Districts include in the division	Ssc no of schools	Ssc no.of candidates	Hsc no of schools	Hsc no.of candidates
Pune	1966	Pune, Ahmadnagar, Solapur	3098	270130	1038	213996
Nagpur	1966	Nagpur, Bhandara, Chandrapur, Wardha, Gadchiroli, Gondia	2444	206809	1171	176550
Aurangabad	1966	Aurangabad, Beed, Parbhani, Jalana, Hingoli	2116	162978	1050	127374
Mumbai	1985	Mumbai, Thane, Raigad	3337	373313	954	312717
Amaravati	1991	Amaravati, Akola, Buldhana, Yeotmal, Washim	2378	186364	1185	146052
Kolhapur	1991	Kolhapur, Satara, Sangli	2084	158348	588	119015
Nashik	1993	Nashik, Dhule, Jalgaon, Nandurbar	2492	197833	739	152177
Latur	1997	Latur, Nanded, Osmanabad	1619	110053	586	68999
Kokan	2011	Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg	592	45386	170	29425

5.      ORGANISATIONAL SETUP OF BOARD

6.      GRADING SYSTEM

a.      Marking Scheme for Maharashtra SSC Board Exams

Total marks –                                                           650
Languages: 20 (oral) + 80 (written) =                      100
Math:  30 (internal) + 120 (written) =                      150
Sciences:   20 (Practical) + 80 (written) =                100
Social Science:   20 (internal) +80 (written) =         100

b.      Information Communication Technology (ICT) was introduced in 2014 with 40 marks written, 10 marks orals. It is a grade result.

c.       The state education board is considering setting separate passing scores for written and practical or oral examinations and a decision on this is expected to be taken soon.

d.      The matter came up in the context of reports that an abnormally large number of students scored full or close to full marks in the practical or oral exam conducted at the institutions, whereas many of them were satisfied with scoring the minimum in the written exam that was necessary to pass the 35% mark.

e.      If a student is not satisfied with the assessment of his answers after obtaining a photocopy of the answer sheet, they can request the divisional board to re-assess his paper with shell out Rs 400 for a photocopy of their answer sheet and Rs. 300 for the revaluation of each paper.